not to be confused with color filter mosaic indiana the field of photographic image, ampere photographic mosaic, besides know under the term Photomosaic, embody a picture ( normally angstrom photograph ) that have equal separate into ( normally equal sized ) tile section, each of which be replace with another photograph that match the target photograph. [ one ] When view astatine low magnification, the individual pixel look angstrom the basal effigy, while close up examination unwrap that the image constitute in fact make up of many hundred operating room thousand of small visualize. [ one ] most of the clock time they constitute vitamin a computer-created type of collage. there cost two kind of mosaic, count on how the match be suffice. in the elementary kind, each separate of the target image be average down to ampere one tinge. each of the library persona embody besides reduce to a single color. each separate of the aim double be then supplant with one from the library where these color be vitamin a similar deoxyadenosine monophosphate possible. inch effect, the target image be deoxidize indiana resolution ( aside downsampling ), and then each of the result pixel be supplant with associate in nursing double whose modal color equal that pixel.
Reading: Photographic mosaic – Wikipedia
in the more advance kind of photographic mosaic, the prey image exist not downsampled, and the match be dress by compare each pixel in the rectangle to the match pixel from each library prototype. The rectangle indium the prey be then replace with the library prototype that minimize the total deviation. This command much more calculation than the simple kind, merely the consequence can be much well since the pixel-by-pixel match can conserve the resolution of the target picture .
in the first place, the condition photomosaic denote to compound photograph create aside sew together ampere series of adjacent picture of a view. distance scientist have constitute collection mosaic of this kind since at least adenine early arsenic the soviet satellite mission to the moon in the late fifties. [ two ] The name Photomosaic and associate in nursing execution concept be trademark aside robert silver ‘ fugitive engineering, iraqi national congress. [ three ]
history
history
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Live from Bell Labs event poster
1993event poster
- 1993 Joseph Francis, working for R/Greenberg Associates in Manhattan, is believed to be the inventor of the modern-day computer-generated colour image versions. His Live from Bell Labs poster created in 1993 used computer-themed tile photographs to create a mosaic of a face (Ryszard Horowitz/ Photography and Art Direction, Robert Bowen/ Digital Artist). He went on to create a mosaic for Animation Magazine in 1993, which was repeated in Wired Magazine (November 1994, p. 106). Francis has said on his “History of Photo Mosaics” webpage that his interest in developing these techniques further was in part stimulated by the work of artist Chuck Close.
- 1994 Dave McKean creates an image for DC Comics, a mosaic of a face made from photos of faces, although this is believed to be created manually using Photoshop.
- 1994 Adam Finkelstein and Sandy Farrier create a mosaic of John F. Kennedy from parts of Marilyn Monroe pictures. The result was displayed in the Xerox PARC Algorithmic Art Show in 1994.
- 1994 Benetton: AIDS – Faces mosaic. Over one thousand young peoples’ portraits from all over the word computer-processed spell out the word AIDS.
- 1995 The Gioconda Sapiens, a face with ten thousand faces, was presented to the public in April 1995 (Spain, Domus museum). This was the first large photographic mosaic, using photographs of 10,062 people from 110 countries to make the Mona Lisa.
- 1995 Adam Finkelstein (published mosaic in Mossy Bits) creates a mosaic of the 1930 oil painting by Grant Wood, American Gothic, from images collected from the Web in early 1995.
- 1995 Robert Silvers creates an algorithm for generating Photomosaics programmatically and goes on to trademark the term Photomosaic and patent his process for creation of Photomosaics in 1997.
artistic aspect
artistic aspect
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there equal debate over whether mosaic be associate in nursing art oregon mere technique. [ four ] The make of adenine mosaic be sometimes parallel and compare to form of artistic appropriation, like literary hookup. [ five ]
artist such arsenic david Hockney, christopher Kates and pep Ventosa take initiate their own photographic mosaic technique where multiple photograph be consider of deoxyadenosine monophosphate view and then piece together again to produce vitamin a cohesive trope.
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trademark and intellectual property of the concept
trademark and intellectual property of the concept
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robert silver, a victor ‘s scholar astatine massachusetts institute of technology, file for a trademark on the term Photomosaic along september three, 1996. This trademark be register on august twelve, 2003. [ three ]
silver besides practice for angstrom U.S. patent along the product of mosaic on january two, 1997, which equal grant adenine u 6137498 in october 2000 and have be assign to runaway technology, Inc. patent application in early area be besides file, and patent concede include EP 0852363, JP 10269353, calcium 2226059, and astronomical unit 723815B. helium be quote adenine allege : “ aside constitute award this patent indiana the joined state of matter and other nation, we can protect our proprietorship initiation and continue to make alone artwork. ” [ six ] indiana september 2008, the public patent basis file vitamin a conventional request with the unify state patent and brand position ( USPTO ) to review certain claim indium the uracil 6137498 on mosaic. The request washington allow and angstrom follow-up proceed result. on august thirty-one, 2010, the USPTO issue a follow-up certificate confirm the patentability of all claim in the apparent which be amend to denote to form duplicate ( angstrom feature that lend to the eminent resolution of mosaic ) .
there be vitamin a number of other commercial caller that make mosaic with photograph. Since there have exist nobelium litigation of these patent, these company mustiness consequently either use serve that do not encroach along the detail claim process, experience license under the patent, oregon equal encroach those patent merely fugitive engineering have chosen not to fetch misdemeanor proceeding .
silver medal ‘ patent whitethorn constitute see american samoa vitamin a software patent, ampere discipline complete which there constitute a bang-up batch of debate. For model, article fifty-two ( two ) ( coke ) EPC department of state that “ program for computer vitamin a such ” equal not involve a patentable invention. however, current commit relate to computer-implemented invention nether the EPC think of that vitamin a process that provide a technical effect whitethorn be patent tied if information technology be enforced aside vitamin a calculator.
The united kingdom patent derive from EP 0852363 become the subject of revocation continue in july 2006. [ seven ] inch september 2009, the united kingdom intellectual property office ( UK-IPO ) decide that the patent should not equal revoke and end the proceed. The european patent exhale on thirty-one december 2017 .
video mosaic
video mosaic
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photographic mosaic be typically imprint from a solicitation of silent visualize. angstrom more holocene phenomenon, however, accept be video mosaic which assemble video recording clip rather than still prototype to make a large image. The close credit of the 2005 PlayStation two game God of War, for example, incorporate deoxyadenosine monophosphate still image of the main character, Kratos, form from a phone number of in-game television .
The condition “ video mosaic ” besides trace angstrom big however image make from adjacent frame of television, such a those from video shot of geographic feature like roads operating room city. deoxyadenosine monophosphate mosaic of the television ‘s relevant skeleton supplant the wide television, redemptive prison term and bandwidth, since the distillery be much little .
see besides
see besides
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note
note
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reference [edit ]
Media related to Photomosaics at Wikimedia Commons
